ABSTRACT
The study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and pharmacodynamic difference of the ethanol extracts of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus on the drug-induced liver injury induced by acetaminophen.The cell activations of LO2 cells treated by Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts were tested by CCK-8 essay.The effects of ethanol extracts on cell survival rate,the activities of ALT and AST in culture medium were detected based on the injury model of LO2 cells induced by APAP.Further,in purpose to observe the protective effect of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts on a mouse model of liver injury induced by intraperitoneal injectionof acetaminophen was established.Mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,positive drug group and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts administration groups.The activities of ALT and AST in the serum and the levels of MDA,SOD,GSH and GSH-PX in the liver homogenate of the mice were detected by commercial kits.The HEstaining was used to observe the histopathological changes of liver tissue in each group and the TUNEL staining was used to observe the hepatocyte apoptosis.The results showed that the ethanol extracts at less than 1 g·L~(-1)did not affect the activity of LO2 cell.Compared with the model group,the cell survival rates of the Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract administration groups was significantly increased;the ALT and AST in the culture medium were distinct decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The survival rate of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract from different batches were similar,while that of the Schisandrea Sphenatherae Fructus ethanol extract from different batches were quite different(P<0.05or P<0.01).Further,animal experiments showed that Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extract administration groups could markedly inhibit the increase of ALT and AST levels in serum(P<0.01),decrease MDA content significantly(P<0.01),and increase GSH,GSH-PX and SOD activity significantly(P<0.01).Among them,compared with other groups,Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus ethanol extract-2 group showed the best effect(P<0.05 or P<0.01)while Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus ethanol extract-1 showed a poor effect(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In conclusion,both Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts have protective effect on APAP-induced drug-induced liver injury and there was a certain difference in the efficacy between Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus ethanol extracts from different habitats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acetaminophen , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Fruit , LiverABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the clinical presentation, pathogenesis, neuroimaging, treatment, and outcome of stroke-like migraine attacks after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome, and to propose diagnostic criteria for this disorder.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>We searched the PubMed database for articles in English published from 1995 to 2015 using the terms of "stroke-like AND migraine AND radiation." Reference lists of the identified articles and reviews were used to retrieve additional articles.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Data and articles related to late-onset effects of cerebral radiation were selected and reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SMART is a rare condition that involves complex migraines with focal neurologic deficits following cranial irradiation for central nervous system malignancies. The recovery, which ranges from hours to days to weeks, can be partial or complete. We propose the following diagnostic criteria for SMART: (1) Remote history of therapeutic external beam cranial irradiation for malignancy; (2) prolonged, reversible clinical manifestations mostly years after irradiation, which may include migraine, seizures, hemiparesis, hemisensory deficits, visuospatial defect, aphasia, confusion and so on; (3) reversible, transient, unilateral cortical gadolinium enhancement correlative abnormal T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal of the affected cerebral region; (4) eventual complete or partial recovery, the length of duration of recovery ranging from hours to days to weeks; (5) no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor; (6) not attributable to another disease. To date, no specific treatment has been identified for this syndrome.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SMART is an extremely rare delayed complication of brain irradiation. However, improvements in cancer survival rates have resulted in a rise in its frequency. Hence, awareness and recognition of the syndrome is important to make a rapid diagnosis and avoid aggressive interventions such as brain biopsy and cerebral angiography.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Central Nervous System Neoplasms , Therapeutics , Migraine Disorders , Diagnosis , Radiation Injuries , Diagnosis , Stroke , DiagnosisABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the influence of edaravone on the expression of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34). Methods: A total of 108 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group and edaravone group (36 cases for each group). Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h followed by reperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, GADD34 expression was measured with immunohistochemistry at different time-points after reperfusion in the peri-infarct regions of all rats. Results: The GADD34 expression was detected in the peri-infarct regions of rats 1 h after reperfusion, which reached its peak 24 h after reperfusion. And edaravone could significantly down-regulate the GADD34 expression. Conclusions: Edaravon could down-regulate GADD34 expression, which suggests that edaravone may exert an important function in inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress reaction by scavenging free radicals in the upper stream.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression feature of hypoxia inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α) in rats' ovary under simulated weightlessness. Methods Sixty adult female Wistar rats, weight 200±20g, were randomly divided into 10 groups (6 each): a control group without simulating weightlessness, and experimental groups underwent tail suspension for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21-day, respectively. The HIF-1α expression in rats' ovaries was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR assay. Results Positively stained HIF-1α was observed as brown particle in follicular oocytes, granulosa cells and thecal cells of rat ovaries in both experimental and control groups. The positively stained HIF-1α granules mainly located in the cytoplasm of ovarian cells in control group, while in tail-suspension 0.25-day and 0.5-day groups, the granules transferred from cytoplasm to nucleus of follicular oocytes, granulosa cells and thecal cells. The expression level in tail-suspension 1-day group was similar to that in control group, and the staining of nuclei disappeared. The expression level of HIF-1α mRNA was significantly higher in tail-suspension 0.25-day and 0.5-day groups than that in control group (P<0.05). One day after tail-suspension, the expression levels of both HIF-1α protein and HIF-1α mRNA gradually recovered to that of control group. Conclusion The simulated weightlessness by tail-suspension, serving as a kind of stress, may increase the expression of both HIF-1α protein and HIF-1α mRNA in rat ovary during the early period, implying that a close correlation between the HIF-1α expression in rats' ovary and the weightlessness stress tolerance.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the expression feature of hypoxia inducing factor-1α (HIF-1α) in rats' ovary under simulated weightlessness. Methods Sixty adult female Wistar rats, weight 200±20g, were randomly divided into 10 groups (6 each): a control group without simulating weightlessness, and experimental groups underwent tail suspension for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21-day, respectively. The HIF-1α expression in rats' ovaries was assessed by immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR assay. Results Positively stained HIF-1α was observed as brown particle in follicular oocytes, granulosa cells and thecal cells of rat ovaries in both experimental and control groups. The positively stained HIF-1α granules mainly located in the cytoplasm of ovarian cells in control group, while in tail-suspension 0.25-day and 0.5-day groups, the granules transferred from cytoplasm to nucleus of follicular oocytes, granulosa cells and thecal cells. The expression level in tail-suspension 1-day group was similar to that in control group, and the staining of nuclei disappeared. The expression level of HIF-1α mRNA was significantly higher in tail-suspension 0.25-day and 0.5-day groups than that in control group (P<0.05). One day after tail-suspension, the expression levels of both HIF-1α protein and HIF-1α mRNA gradually recovered to that of control group. Conclusion The simulated weightlessness by tail-suspension, serving as a kind of stress, may increase the expression of both HIF-1α protein and HIF-1α mRNA in rat ovary during the early period, implying that a close correlation between the HIF-1α expression in rats' ovary and the weightlessness stress tolerance.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a method for analyzing the PTEN-induced kinase 1 gene (PINK1) exon copy number and apply it to the analysis of PINK1 gene exon copy number variation (CNV) in patients with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinsonism (AREP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Real-time PCR was used to analyze the exon copy number in 22 probands with AREP from unrelated Chinese Han families and 30 healthy controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Copy numbers of exons 1-8 of the PINK1 gene were analyzed, and satisfactory reaction conditions and primers for exons of the PINK1 gene were obtained. No exon CNV in the PINK1 gene was detected in this group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>An analytical method for PINK1 gene exon copy number was established. The exon CNV in the PINK1 gene was rare in Chinese patients with AREP.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Case-Control Studies , Exons , Genetics , Gene Dosage , Genetics , Parkinsonian Disorders , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Protein Kinases , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To construct and screen a primarily phage display library of HCV C and E1 genes evolved with an artificial pattern.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two genes of about 1 kb with different genotypes were evolved by DNA shuffling. The re-assembled HCV C and E1 genes were cloned into a phage vector. After being rescued with helper phage M13KO7, a phage display library was constructed. Then the library was screened with anti-C and E1 McAb. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) was carried out on twenty individual phage clones selected randomly to detect their binding and reactive activity with high-titer HCV-positive sera. Normal sera were used as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The phage display library of HCV C and E1 genes which evolved with an artificial pattern was constructed. Their capacity amounted to 1.64 x 10(6), and 86 percent of the clones contained C and E1 genes. After four rounds of panning, the phage library was specifically enriched. Twelve positive clones were successfully screened.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The capacity and diversity of the constructed library are enough for screening. The results demonstrate the superiority of the specific binding and reactive activity and affinity of the 12 phage clones from the HCV positive sera.</p>
Subject(s)
DNA, Viral , Genetics , Gene Library , Hepacivirus , Genetics , Peptide Library , Viral Core Proteins , Genetics , Viral Envelope Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effects of occupational therapy and Taoist cognitive psychotherapy on emotional disorder of stroke patients.Methods A total of 136 hemiplegic patients with emotional disorder were randomly divided into a general treatment group,a cognitive psychotherapy group,an occupational therapy group and a combined therapy group(occupational therapy combined Taoist cognitive psychotherapy group).All patients were treated accordingly for 8 weeks and followed up for 6 months.All the patients were evaluated with Fugl-Meyer Assess- ment,COPM and SCL-90.Results It was found that the Fugl-Meyer Assessment and COPM scores were improved gradually in all groups.The combined therapy group scored higher than occupational therapy group(P